Chess Rules

known as the laws of chess.While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the 13th century giving more mobility to pieces that previously had more restricted movement.There variations of the rules for fast chess, correspondence chess, online chess, and chess variants.Chess is a game played by two people on a chessboard, with 32 pieces (16 for each player) of six types.Each type have different movement.Games do not necessarily end with checkmate – players often resign if they believe they will lose. In addition, there are several ways that a game can end in a draw.

Score

Piece	King	Queen	Rook	Bishop	Knight	Pawn
Number	1	1	2	2	2	8
Symbols

Basic moves

Each chess piece has its own style of moving. Moves are made to vacant squares except when capturing an opponent's piece.

With the exception of the knight, pieces cannot jump over each other. When a piece is captured (or taken), the attacking piece replaces the enemy piece on its square (en passant) being the only exception). The captured piece is thus removed from the game and may not be returned to play for the remainder of the game. The king can be put in check but cannot be captured (see below).

• The king can move exactly one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. At most once in every game, each king is allowed to make a special move, known as castling (see below).
• The rook moves any number of vacant squares vertically or horizontally. It also is moved while castling.
• The bishop moves any number of vacant squares in any diagonal direction.
• The queen can move any number of vacant squares diagonally, horizontally, or vertically.
• The knight moves to the nearest square not on the same rank, file, or diagonal. In other words, the knight moves two squares like the rook and then one square perpendicular to that. Its move is not blocked by other pieces, i.e. it leaps to the new square. The knight moves in an "L" or "7" shape (or either shape inverted) with two steps one direction, a 90° turn, and one step in the new direction.
• Pawns have the most complex rules of movement:

• A pawn can move forward one square, if that square is unoccupied. If it has not yet moved, the pawn has the option of moving two squares forward provided both squares in front of the pawn are unoccupied. A pawn cannot move backward.
• Pawns are the only pieces that capture differently from how they move. They can capture an enemy piece on either of the two spaces adjacent to the space in front of them (i.e., the two squares diagonally in front of them) but cannot move to these spaces if they are vacant.

The pawn is also involved in the two special moves en passant and promotion (Schiller 2003:17–19).